The course introduces fundamental knowledge about how physiological systems change and are regulated during exercise. Students will engage in laboratory‑based learning experiences that strengthen their understanding of human physiology and develop competencies relevant to health, performance, and public health in modern urban environments. The course aims to (1) enable students to understand how the body responds and adapts to exercise; and (2) provide high‑quality, inclusive laboratory learning opportunities that support lifelong learning and professional development in health‑related fields and contribute to sustainable, health‑promoting communities.