The course examines the spatial patterns, causes, impacts, and management of major environmental hazards, including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, storms, and air pollution. The course introduces students to the physical processes that generate hazards, the environmental and social conditions that shape vulnerability, and the ways in which hazards become disasters in different geographic contexts. Students will explore how environmental hazards affect human settlements, public infrastructure, water resources, freshwater ecosystems, air quality, health risks, food security, and land use. Case studies from different regions will be used to examine disaster impacts, risk perception, preparedness, response, recovery, and long-term adaptation. The course emphasizes the role of geography in disaster risk reduction, urban planning, climate adaptation, resilient infrastructure, and sustainable environmental management. Through lectures, discussions, spatial analysis, and applied case studies, students will develop the skills to assess hazard exposure, interpret environmental risk, and evaluate strategies for reducing vulnerability and strengthening community resilience.