Social problems and their potential solutions are often intricate and interdisciplinary. Recently, innovative scientific methods have been introduced to tackle these issues. Researchers are increasingly using evidence-based methods, such as field and lab experiments, big data analysis, and ethnographic observation, to address social and environmental problems. This course introduces these evidence-based methods as well as the modern science of causality and demonstrates how to use them to solve social problems to achieve sustainability goals. The course is organised into four themes, each corresponding to an evidence-based method. Each theme covers recent empirical approaches to key social sustainability issues, including but not limited to no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being, quality education, affordable and clean energy, reducing inequality, sustainable cities and communities, and climate action. The course not only guides students to investigate these social sustainability problems but also inspires them to find possible solutions.