This course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of key concepts in genetics and evolution, including DNA structure, chromosomes, genes, DNA replication, DNA mutation, molecular mechanisms of trait inheritance, Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, population genetics, evolutionary genetics, as well as the main mechanisms of evolution. By mastering these concepts, students will gain insight into the inheritance of traits, the genetic control of traits (including hereditary human diseases), and how genetic variations drive evolutionary changes.