This year-long course aims to reinforce and expand the transdisciplinary training students received in a previous Transdisciplinary Guided Study, with a central emphasis on designing sophisticated solutions to problems and evaluating proposed solutions. Each student will work with one or two supervisors on a real world problem to develop preliminary ideas to address (parts of) the problem using sophisticated and executable solutions. In the first semester (Problem Solving I), students are expected to articulate the components of the target problems that will be addressed in this course, consolidate the knowledge and skills needed for the tasks, and critically assess the existing approaches. In the second semester (Problem Solving II), students are expected to design detailed solutions to the target problems, implement the solutions to a good extent (preferably in cooperation with some non-academic stakeholders), and test or evaluate the implementations. At the end of the course students will produce a report on the implemented solutions that highlight the novel aspects, the advantages and limitations, and the transdisciplinary approach leading to these solutions.