The aim of this course is to give students a general idea of the renal system and its functions. This can be achieved under the following aspects: (1) review of the anatomy and physiology of the renal system; (2) clinical manifestations of renal diseases; (3) investigations of renal functions and imaging techniques of the renal system; (4) overview of renal diseases: renal vascular diseases, glomerular diseases, tubulo-interstitial diseases, infection of the urinary tract, obstruction of the urinary tract, urinary tract calculi, tumours of the urinary tract; (5) renal involvement in systemic diseases; (6) drugs and the kidney; and (7) study of selected clinical cases.