This advanced course explores regionalism and regionalization as concept and historical process of regional cooperation and integration. It seeks to explain the different levels of regional integration by examining the historical, geopolitical, cultural and economic factors shaping the reception of regionalism and the process of regionalization, taking Europe and Asia as prime examples. It further integrates the study of the two regions with a knowledge of interregional relations from a long-term perspective: the pre- and post-colonial development of Asians’ ties with Europe, and Europeans’ economic, political, and cultural exchanges with Asia. The challenges posed to Asian-European relations by the unprocessed historical memories of colonialism and multipolarity in world politics, and the threats of regional disintegration or regional hegemony brought about by rejuvenated nationalisms will also be critically reviewed within the framework of intra- and interregional cooperation and understanding.