This course will focus on the ecology of terrestrial habitats and aquatic habitats of streams, rivers, wetlands and lakes. The first part of this course will introduce terrestrial ecology at population and community level, with emphasis on the role of local ecological processes in modifying the terrestrial ecology of the tropics, especially tropical East Asia, and an overview of patterns and processes on a global scale. The second part introduces sciences of freshwater habitats by integrating the physical and biological components of rivers and lakes and their drainage basins, and introducing the impacts of human influences on these habitats at local and regional scales.