This course introduces the concepts of knowledge and skills in natural resource evaluation and management, with the emphasis on China. The course is presented in two major parts. The first part begins with the introduction to the state of China’s resources, the extent of its environmental problems, and the methods used to assess its conditions and improve sustainability. The second part presents details about the nature, distribution and utilisation of natural resources in China. It does so by dealing in turn with air, soil, land use, water and energy. The condition of each natural environment/resource is discussed, together with the policies that the government in pursuing to stop degradation and improve sustainability.