The kidneys play an important role in the maintenance of the internal environment of the body. Malfunction of the kidneys can affect other systems of the body; alternatively diseases of other parts of the body can also have detrimental effects on the kidneys. It is the aim of this course to give students a general idea of the renal system in the following aspects: (1) Anatomy and physiology of the renal system; (2) Clinical manifestations of renal diseases; (3) Investigations of renal functions and imaging techniques of the renal system; (4) Overview of renal diseases: Renal vascular diseases, Glomerular diseases, Tubulo-interstitial diseases, Congenital abnormalities of the renal system, Infection of the urinary tract, Obstruction of the urinary tract, Urinary tract calculi, Tumours of the urinary tract; (5) Renal involvement in systemic diseases; (6) Drugs and the kidney; and (7) Study of clinical cases.